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Unreal Engine

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"Unreal technology" redirects here. For science or technology which is beyond reality, see science fiction.
Unreal Engine
[[File:{{{image}}}|250px]]
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Proprietary; UDK free for noncommercial use[1][2]
Website unrealengine.com

The Unreal Engine is a game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game Unreal. Although primarily developed for first-person shooters, it has been successfully used in a variety of other genres, including stealth, MMORPGs, and other RPGs. With its code written in C++, the Unreal Engine features a high degree of portability and is a tool used by many game developers today.[3]

The current release is Unreal Engine 4, designed for Microsoft's DirectX 10-12[4] (for Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, Windows RT); OpenGL (for OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4, iOS, Android, Ouya[5] and Windows XP[6]); and JavaScript/WebGL (for HTML5 Web browsers).[7][8][9]

Versions[]

Unreal Engine 1[]

Available for licensees: sometime 1996

File:Unreal-GlideVoodoo1flyby.jpg

Unreal was the first game using the Unreal Engine

Unreal Engine 1
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Proprietary

Making its debut in 1998 with Unreal, the first generation Unreal Engine integrated rendering, collision detection, AI, visibility, networking, scripting, and file system management into one complete engine. Unreal Engine 1 provided an advanced software rasterizer[10] and a hardware-accelerated rendering path using the Glide API, specifically developed for 3dfx GPUs,[11] and was updated for OpenGL and Direct3D. Large parts of the game were implemented in a custom scripting language called UnrealScript. The initial network performance was also very poor when compared to its biggest competitor, Quake II. Epic used this engine for both Unreal and Unreal Tournament. The release of Unreal Tournament marked great strides in both network performance and Direct3D and OpenGL support.[12]

The engine became very popular due to the modular engine architecture and the inclusion of a scripting language, which made it easy to mod, including total conversions like Tactical Ops.[13][14]

Unreal Engine 2[]

Available for licensees: Unreal Warfare build 633 / January 2001

File:Killing Floor Biohazard1.jpg

Killing Floor was built in Unreal Engine 2.

Unreal Engine 2
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Proprietary

The second version made its debut in 2002 with America's Army, a free multiplayer shooter created and funded by the US Army. This generation saw the core code and rendering engine completely re-written. In addition, it featured UnrealEd 2, which debuted with the previous generation of the engine and was shortly followed later by UnrealEd 3, along with the Karma physics SDK. This physics engine powered the ragdoll physics in Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Championship. Other engine elements were also updated, with improved assets as well as adding support for the GameCube and the Xbox. Support for the PlayStation 2 console was previously added in UE1. Taking Xbox aside, both GameCube and PS2 were never supported directly by Epic, support being instead farmed out to Secret Level said builds were stale and left behind, the last "official" build PS2 and GC saw was build 927 dated April 2002; last official UE2.5 build was build 3369. As such, third parties looking to use further Unreal Engine revisions had to do their own builds throughout the generation, as they had to in more recent years with the Wii, X360, PS3, PSP, and 3DS.[citation needed]

UE2.5, an update to the original version of UE2, improved rendering performance and added vehicles physics, a particle system editor for UnrealEd, and 64-bit support in Unreal Tournament 2004. A specialized version of UE2.5 called UE2X was used for Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict on the original Xbox platform. It featured optimizations specific to that console. EAX 3.0 is also supported for sound. Unreal Engine 2.X was build 2227, dated March 2004.

On March 24, 2011, Ubisoft Montreal revealed that UE2.5 was successfully running on the Nintendo 3DS.[15]

Unreal Engine 3[]

Available for licensees: March 2004

File:The Ball - Screenshot 08.jpg

The Ball was built in Unreal Engine 3.

Unreal Engine 3
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Proprietary
File:Unreal Engine Comparison.jpg

A comparison of Unreal Engine 1, 2, and 3's rendering capabilities using the Malcolm model from Unreal Tournament, Unreal Tournament 2004, and Unreal Tournament 3 side-by-side.

The first screenshots of Unreal Engine 3 were presented in 2004,[16] at which point the engine was in development for 18 months already.[17] Unlike Unreal Engine 2, which still supported fixed-function pipeline, Unreal Engine 3 was designed to take advantage of fully programmable shader hardware (in DirectX 9 terms, it required shader model 3.0). All lighting calculations were done per-pixel, instead of per-vertex. On the rendering side, Unreal Engine 3 also provided support for a gamma-correct high-dynamic range renderer. UE3 expected that content was authored in both high- and low-resolution version and baked normal maps for run-time; a major difference to previous generations where the game content was modeled directly (since normal mapping is a per-pixel operation and almost all the dynamic lighting in UE1 and 2 was calculated per-vertex using a Gouraud Shading technique)

The third generation of the Unreal Engine is designed for DirectX (versions 9-11 for Windows, Windows RT and Xbox 360), as well as systems using OpenGL, including the PlayStation 3, OS X, iOS, Android, Stage 3D for Adobe Flash Player 11, JavaScript/WebGL for HTML5 Web Browsers,[18] PlayStation Vita, and Wii U.[19] Initially, Unreal Engine 3 only supported Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 platforms, while Android and iOS were added later in 2010 (with Infinity Blade being the first iOS title and Dungeon Defenders the first Android title). OS X support was added in 2011.[20] Its renderer supports many advanced techniques including HDRR, per-pixel lighting, and dynamic shadows. It also builds on the tools available in previous versions. In October 2011, the engine was ported to support Adobe Flash Player 11 through the Stage 3D hardware-accelerated APIs. Epic has used this version of the engine for their in-house games. Aggressive licensing of this iteration has garnered a great deal of support from many prominent licensees. Epic has announced that Unreal Engine 3 runs on both Windows 8 and Windows RT.[21] The first released console game using Unreal Engine 3 was Gears of War and the first released PC game was RoboBlitz.

Throughout the lifetime of the UE3, significant updates have been incorporated:

  • Epic Games announced at Game Developers Conference (GDC) 2009 some improvements made to Unreal Engine 3. These included:[22]
    • Unreal Lightmass: a global illumination solver. Provides high-quality static lighting with next-generation effects, such as soft shadows with accurate penumbrae, diffuse, specular inter-reflection, and color bleeding.
    • The ability to add fracture effects to static meshes to simulate destructible environments
    • Soft body dynamics (physics)
    • Large crowd simulation
  • In December 2009, Epic demoed UE3 running on Apple's 3rd generation iPod Touch. They said that this will also support iPhone 3GS, and also an unknown mobile platform which has been revealed to be webOS at CES 2010.[23] It has been revealed so far to be something on Nvidia's Tegra platform, and also Palm's webOS running PowerVR's SGX chip.
  • In March 2010, Steamworks was integrated into the software, and is offered to licensees.[24]
  • In June 2010, Epic Games revealed Epic Citadel, a tech demo to showcase Unreal Engine 3 on iOS devices (iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad devices).
  • In June 2010 during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010, Mark Rein (vice president of Epic Games) showcased a tech demo of Gears of War 2 in stereoscopic 3D running on an Xbox 360 thanks to the TriOviz for Games Technology. "This technology's great because it works on normal HD TVs, as well as the very high end 3DTVs," Rein commented to Computer and Video Games.[25] "We're not planning to re-release this in 3D – unless Microsoft want us to – but I'm sure it's technology may be keen to put in the games developed by our partners."
  • In October 2010, TriOviz for Games Technology has been officially integrated in Unreal Engine 3,[26][27] allowing to easily convert in stereoscopic 3D, numerous past and upcoming games developed on Xbox 360 and PS3 with this engine.
  • As of March 2011, the Unreal 3 Engine supports DirectX 11. Epic Games showcased it with a real-time demonstration video, entitled "Samaritan".[28] Additions include tessellation and displacement mapping, advanced hair rendering with MSAA, deferred shading with MSAA, screen space subsurface scattering, image-based lighting, billboard reflections, glossy reflections, reflection shadows, point light reflections, and bokeh depth of field.[29] The Samaritan demo was unveiled during GDC 2011 as a proof of concept and target for the "3.5" version of Epic's Unreal Engine 3, ostensibly aimed at next-generation platforms.[30][31] It was built by Epic Games in a close partnership with NVIDIA, with engineers working around to country to push real-time graphics to a new high point.[32]
  • In July 2011, Geomerics announced that their real-time global illumination solution[33] Enlighten is now integrated with Unreal Engine 3 and available to licensees.[34]
  • In October 2011, Epic Games announced that a version of the engine would be compatible with Adobe Flash Player.[35]
  • In May 2012, UE3 added support for the RealD 3D stereoscopic technology.[36]
  • In March 2013, Mozilla and Epic Games have demonstrated UE3 running on the browser using HTML5 and JavaScript technologies.[37]

In addition to the game industry, UE3 has also seen adoption by many non-gaming projects, for instance:

  • The popular children's TV show LazyTown used UE3 during filming to generate virtual sets for real-time integration with footage of actors and puppets performing in front of green screens.[38]
  • In March 2012, the FBI licensed Epic's Unreal Development Kit to use in a simulator for training.[39]
  • The animation software "Muvizu Play", which was released in April 2013, uses UE3.[40]

Unreal Development Kit[]

File:Unmechanical - Screenshot 01.png

Unmechanical was built in the UDK.

Unreal Development Kit
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Free for noncommercial use
Website UDK website
UDN for UDK

While Unreal Engine 3 has been quite open for modders to work with, the ability to publish and sell games made using UE3 was restricted to licensees of the engine. However, in November 2009, Epic released a free version of UE3's SDK, called the Unreal Development Kit (UDK), that is available to the general public.[41] According to the current EULA, game developers can sell their games by paying Epic the cost of $99 USD, and 25% royalty on UDK related revenue above US$50,000 from all UDK-based games or commercial applications.[42] The December 2010 UDK release added support for creating iOS games and apps.[43] As of the September 2011 release, iOS, OS X, and Windows platforms all support UDK-created games. The February 2014 UDK release contained enhancements specific to mobile development, including iOS 7 and Xcode 5 support, shader upgrades and the addition of distortion.[44][45]

Since the release of Unreal Engine 4 the development of UDK is almost discontinued and no information is available as to when the existing bugs will be fixed.[46]

Unreal Engine 4[]

Available for licensees: May 2012

Unreal Engine 4
Original author(s)/creator(s) {{{original_author}}}
License Proprietary

On August 17, 2005, Mark Rein, the vice-president of Epic Games, revealed that Unreal Engine 4 had been in development since 2003.[47] Until mid-2008, development was exclusively done by Tim Sweeney, founder and technical director of Epic Games.[48] The engine targets the eighth generation of consoles, PCs and Tegra K1-based[49] devices running Android announced in January 2014 at CES.

In February 2012, Mark Rein said "people are going to be shocked later this year when they see Unreal Engine 4".[50] Unreal Engine 4 was unveiled to limited attendees at the 2012 Game Developers Conference,[51] and video of the engine being demonstrated by technical artist Alan "Talisman" Willard was released to the public on June 7, 2012 via GameTrailers TV.[52][53] This demo was created on a PC with triple GeForce GTX 580 (tri SLI) and can be run on a PC with a GeForce GTX 680.[54]

One of the major features planned for UE4 was real-time global illumination using voxel cone tracing, eliminating pre-computed lighting.[55] However, this feature has been replaced with a similar but less computationally-expensive algorithm prior to release for all platforms including the PC because of performance concerns on next-generation consoles.[56] UE4 also includes new developer features to reduce iteration time, and allows updating of C++ code while the engine is running. The new "Blueprint" visual scripting system (a successor to UE3's "Kismet"[57]) allows for rapid development of game logic without using C++, and includes live debugging.[58][59] The result is reduced iteration time, and less of a divide between technical artists, designers, and programmers.[60]


On March 19, 2014, at the 2014 Game Developers Conference, Epic Games opened Unreal Engine 4 to the world, releasing all of its leading-edge tools, features and complete C++ source code to the development community through a new subscription model. Anyone can sign up for UE4 for PC, Mac, iOS and Android by paying $19 per month, plus 5% of gross revenue resulting from any commercial products built using UE4.[61][62] CEO and founder of Epic Games, Tim Sweeney, said that the new business model is a reflection of changes in the industry. Epic Games has traditionally made its Unreal Engine available to large AAA game development teams at a cost of millions of dollars but as the industry has evolved, Epic has had to "really rethink our whole business as to how we make the engine available to teams."[63][64] "Looking at the new shape of the industry now, we realize that's an outdated tool," Sweeney said. "Looking at the possibilities for the engine, we started from scratch and thought 'How can we make the engine available to more people?'".[65] According to the Unreal Engine website, subscribers to the engine will be able to cancel their subscription, or renew it at any time. They will be able to retain access to UE4 tools, but will not receive access to future releases of Unreal Engine 4.[66]

On September 3, 2014, Epic Games launched the Unreal Engine Marketplace, allowing UE4 subscribers to buy and sell community-created content of all shapes and sizes.[67] In addition to all of the previously released free content, the new marketplace was launched with a variety of asset packs including full-scale environments, props, characters, sounds, materials, animated meshes, prefab C++ code and a number of other asset types as well as free demos and tutorials.[68][69]

On September 4, 2014, Epic released Unreal Engine 4 to schools and universities for free, including personal copies for students enrolled in accredited video game development, computer science, art, architecture, simulation, and visualization programs.[70][71] "Nothing is stopping students from honing the skills needed to enter the range of fields using Unreal Engine technology, from entertainment software and film to visualization, healthcare simulation and military training," Unreal Engine general manager Ray Davis said in a statement.[72] Schools can integrate the same fully featured version of Unreal Engine 4 previously available only to developers, along with all future updates.[73] In addition, students retain indefinite access to any versions of the engine used during their coursework which gives them the option to turn their class projects into shipping projects at any time.[74]

Games using the Unreal Engine[]

Main article: List of Unreal Engine games

Other licensees[]

Unreal Engine 2[]

Licenses for education
  • The Art Institute of Pittsburgh
Licenses for education for Construction Simulations and Interior Designs
  • Bentheim Interior Design

Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Custom License is used in many non-gaming projects including construction simulations and designs, training simulations, driving simulations, educations, virtual reality shopping malls, movie storyboards, continuities, pre-visuals, etc.

Until October 2007, more than 500 companies had Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Licenses.[citation needed]

Unreal Engine 3[]

Licenses for education
  • PEPFAR/Warner Brothers[75]
  • Norwich University of the Arts
  • The Jim Henson Company
  • University of Advancing Technology
  • Louisiana State University in Shreveport
  • Centennial College
  • Expression College for Digital Arts
  • Digital Media Arts College
  • The Art Institute of California
  • University of Bournemouth[76]
  • Stanly Community College
  • University of Teesside
  • San Jacinto College South
  • University of Wisconsin Stout
  • IUPUI
  • University of Derby
  • Singapore Polytechnic[77]
Licenses for Training Simulation
  • U.S. Army[78][79]
  • U.S. Air Force[80][81]
  • ROK Navy[82]
  • Chinese Army[83]
  • NASA[84]
  • U.S. Government[85]
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)[39]
  • Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT)[86]
  • U.S Department of Homeland Security (DHS) / George Washington University[87]
  • Virtual Heroes, a division of Applied Research Associates, Inc.[88]
  • IPKeys Technologies/Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Gaming and Modeling Environment (I-GAME)[89]
Licenses for Construction Simulation
Licenses for VR Techniques
  • Yost Engineering, Inc/YEI Technology[92]
Licenses for CG animation

See also[]

  • Unreal, the original game featuring the engine
  • UnrealScript, the scripting language used in Unreal Engine
  • UnrealEd, the Unreal level editor
  • Game engine
  • Video game development

References[]

  1. ↑ Unreal Engine Licensing FAQ. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2009-11-08.
  2. ↑ UDK Licensing. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2009-11-08.
  3. ↑ Steiner, Brian (24 June 2013). How the Unreal Engine Became a Real Gaming Powerhouse. Popular Mechanics. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved on 6 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Handrahan, Matthew (March 12, 2014). Microsoft: DX12 will improve Xbox One performance. Game Industry. Retrieved on 2014-09-04.
  5. ↑ The OUYA team (26 January 2015). Unreal Engine On The Ouya. Epic Games. Retrieved on 28 January 2015.
  6. ↑ Shadden, Ian (June 4, 2014). Unreal Engine 4.2 Release. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2014-09-04.
  7. ↑ Mozilla (12 March 2014). Mozilla and Epic Preview Unreal Engine 4 Running in Firefox. The Mozilla Blog. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  8. ↑ Anderson, Steve (17 March 2014). HTML5 Gaming Just Got Faster with Unreal Engine 4. HTML5 Report. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  9. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (1 April 2014). Epic Games' Sweeney on the future of Unreal, VR and democratic game development. Polygon. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  10. ↑ Unreal Engine 1. Retrieved on 2012-06-17.
  11. ↑ Paul Lily (2009-07-21). Doom to Dunia: A Visual History of 3D Game Engines. Maximum PC. Retrieved on 2009-07-05.
  12. ↑ History of Unreal - Part 1. beyondunreal.com (2005-05-31). Retrieved on 2009-07-05.
  13. ↑ History of Unreal - Part 1. beyondunreal.com (2005-05-31). Retrieved on 2009-07-05. “Probably the biggest draw to Unreal was the ability to mod it. Tim Sweeney (Founder of Epic) wrote a simple scripting engine into the game called UnrealScript.”
  14. ↑ Introduction to Unreal Technology. InformIT (2009-07-21). Retrieved on 2009-08-08.
  15. ↑ Splinter Cell 3D Q&A. GameSpot (2011-03-23). Retrieved on 2011-08-14.
  16. ↑ Thorsen, Tor (13 May 2004). First Look: Unreal Engine 3.0. GameSpot.
  17. ↑ Reed, Kristan (July 1, 2004). Unreal Engine 3 Interview. Eurogamer.
  18. ↑ Mozilla and Unreal Engine are Unlocking the Power of the Web as a Platform for Gaming.
  19. ↑ Unreal Technology.
  20. ↑ Grant, Christopher (19 September 2011). Unreal Engine 3 comes to Mac OS X, courtesy of September UDK release. Joystiq.
  21. ↑ Mitchell, Richard (2012). Unreal Engine 3 now on Windows 8 and Windows RT. Joystiq.
  22. ↑ Callaham, John (19 March 2009). Epic Games to show off new Unreal Engine 3 features at GDC. Big Download.
  23. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal (29 December 2009). Epic Demonstrates Unreal Engine 3 for the iPod Touch, iPhone 3GS. AnandTech.
  24. ↑ Steamworks Integration Now Available to Unreal Engine 3 Licensees. Epic Games (2010-03-11).
  25. ↑ Ingham, Tim (17 June 2010). E3 2010: Epic makes 3D Gears Of War 2 - We've seen it. It's mega. But retail release not planned. Computer and Video Games.
  26. ↑ TriOviz for Games Technology Brings 3D Capabilities to Unreal Engine 3. Epic Games (6 October 2010).
  27. ↑ Fletcher, JC (11 October 2010). Epic's Mark Rein goes in-depth with Unreal Engine 3's TriOviz 3D. Joystiq.
  28. ↑ UDK March 2011 Release.
  29. ↑ Slide 1 (PDF). Retrieved on 2011-08-02.
  30. ↑ Hamilton, Kirk (8 February 2013). Apparently, The Story Behind Epic's Dazzling 2011 Tech Demo Is A 'Doozy'. Kotaku. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  31. ↑ Gies, Arthur (18 March 2014). Epic Games working on new, unannounced IP (UPDATE). Polygon. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  32. ↑ Gaudiosi, John (21 September 2011). Epic Games Founder Tim Sweeney Pushes Unreal Engine 3 Technology Forward. Forbes. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  33. ↑ Geomerics Enlighten.
  34. ↑ Geomerics Announces New Enlighten Integration with Unreal Engine 3.
  35. ↑ Johnson, Joel (10 April 2011). Unreal Engine 3 Now Works in Flash. Yes, the Same Flash That's In Your Browser, Facebook. Kotaku.
  36. ↑ RealD Joins Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3 Integrated Partners Program. Gamershell (14 May 2012). Retrieved on 2012-06-13.
  37. ↑ Mozilla is Unlocking the Power of the Web as a Platform for Gaming. The Mozilla Blog (March 27, 2013).
  38. ↑ Unreal Engine 3 Powers Critical and Commercial Success LazyTown. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2011-02-08.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 BBC News (28 March 2012). Unreal games engine licensed to FBI and other US agencies. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  40. ↑ Muvizu 3D web site. Movizu.
  41. ↑ IGN Staff (5 November 2009). Epic Games Announces Unreal Development Kit, Powered By Unreal Engine 3. IGN. Retrieved on 2014-09-14.
  42. ↑ Licensing - Epic UDK.
  43. ↑ IGN Staff (16 December 2010). Epic Games Releases Unreal Development Kit With iOS Support. IGN. Retrieved on 2014-09-14.
  44. ↑ UDK Releases (25 February 2014). February 2014 Unreal Development Kit (UDK) Available for Download. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2014-09-14.
  45. ↑ Crowl (1 March 2014). February 2014 UDK Released - Build Notes are here!. Epic Games.
  46. ↑ Epic Games Forums (14 October 2014). Epic, will ios cars ever be fixed?. Epic Games. Retrieved on 2014-11-14.
  47. ↑ Houlihan, John (17 August 2005). Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved on 2005-08-19.
  48. ↑ Valich, Theo (12 March 2008). Tim Sweeney, Part 3: Unreal Engine 4.0 aims at next-gen console war. TG Daily. Tigervision Media. Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
  49. ↑ Brian Klug and Anand Lal Shimpi (6 January 2014). NVIDIA Tegra K1 Preview & Architecture Analysis. AnandTech. Retrieved on 2014-05-02.
  50. ↑ Kevin Parrish (11 February 2012). Epic Revealing Unreal Engine 4 Later This Year. Tom's Hardware. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  51. ↑ Patrick Shaw. "Unreal Engine 4 Behind Closed Doors at GDC", Wired, 27 February 2012. Retrieved on 2012-03-06. 
  52. ↑ Samit Sarker (8 June 2012). Epic Games debuts Unreal Engine 4. Destructoid. Retrieved on 2012-06-10.
  53. ↑ Casey Lynch (8 June 2012). Epic's Unreal Engine 4 'Elemental' Demo Lights Up the Uncanny Valley. IGN. Retrieved on 2012-06-10.
  54. ↑ Woo-cheol, Jeong. "The future of game development is in UE4.", 12 July 2012. Retrieved on 2013-10-18. 
  55. ↑ Andre Burnes (2012-06-08). Epic Reveals Stunning Elemental Demo, & Tim Sweeney On Unreal Engine 4. NVIDIA. Retrieved on 12 June 2012.
  56. ↑ Samantha Earwood (21 March 2014). PS4: Epic Games’ Tim Sweeney Explains Lack Of Global Illumination In Unreal Engine 4. PSGang. Retrieved on 21 March 2014.
  57. ↑ https://docs.unrealengine.com/latest/INT/Engine/Blueprints/GettingStarted/index.html
  58. ↑ Thier, Dave (29 June 2012). Epic's Tim Sweeney on How Unreal Engine 4 Will Change The Way Games Are Made, and Why You Care. Forbes. Retrieved on 4 October 2014.
  59. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/unreal_engine_4/
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Totilo, Stephen (8 June 2012). How Unreal Engine 4 Will Change The Next Games You Play. Kotaku.
  61. ↑ Dyer, Mitch (19 March 2014). GDC: Epic Games' Unreal Engine 4 adopts subscription model. IGN. Retrieved on 2014-08-12.
  62. ↑ Haywald, Justin (19 March 2014). Epic opens up their Unreal development tools to everyone with a $19 subscription service. GameSpot. Retrieved on 12 August 2014.
  63. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (19 March 2014). Epic Games making Unreal Engine 4 available for $19 per month, starting today. Polygon. Retrieved on 12 August 2014.
  64. ↑ Batchelor, James (19 March 2014). Why Epic abandoned its 'outdated' model and offered everyone access to Unreal Engine 4. GDC 2014: Epic Games founder Tim Sweeney says even Minecraft players should benefit from the firm’s game-making tech. Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  65. ↑ Tach, Dave (19 March 2014). Watch Epic's just-released Unreal Engine 4 in action. Polygon. Retrieved on 12 August 2014.
  66. ↑ Unreal Engine FAQ. Unreal Engine. Retrieved on 12 August 2014.
  67. ↑ Waters, Deke (3 September 2014). Marketplace: Now Open For Bussines!. Epic Games. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
  68. ↑ Connors, Devin (4 September 2014). Epic Games Opens Unreal Engine Marketplace to Developers. The Escapist. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
  69. ↑ Sheridan, Connor (4 September 2014 - UPDATED). Epic launches Unreal Engine Marketplace. CGV. Retrieved on 2014-09-05.
  70. ↑ Davis, Ray (4 September 2014). Unreal Engine 4 Goes Free For Academic Use. Epic Games. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
  71. ↑ Batchelor, James (4 September 2014). Putting Unreal Engine in the classroom. Develop. Intent Media. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
  72. ↑ Matulef, Jeffrey (4 September 2014). Unreal Engine 4 is now free for educators. Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved on 2014-09-05.
  73. ↑ Martin, Michael (4 September 2014). Epic Games Giving Away Unreal Engine 4 Free To Students. IGN. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
  74. ↑ Epic Games (6 November 2014). Unreal Diaries: 'What you see today on the new Marketplace is only the beginning'. Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved on 25 January 2015.
  75. ↑ Amab, Sylvester; Dunwell, Ian; Debattista, Kurt (July 2012). Serious Games for Healthcare: Applications and Implications (Hardcover ed.). IGI Global. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-466-61903-6. Retrieved 6 February 2015. 
  76. ↑ http://courses.bournemouth.ac.uk/courses/undergraduate-degree/games-programming/none/3841/
  77. ↑ K. Hanna, Nagy; T. Knight, Peter (17 November 2012). National Strategies to Harness Information Technology: Seeking Transformation in Singapore, Finland, the Philippines, and South Africa (Hardcover ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-4614-2085-9. Retrieved 29 January 2015. 
  78. ↑ Tach, Dave (29 July 2013). Unreal Engine 3 licensed for military VR training. Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  79. ↑ Conditt, Jessica (2013). Unreal Engine 3 licensed to contractor for US Army training sims. Joystiq.
  80. ↑ Air Force Certifies Use of the ARA Unreal Engine 3 Web Player. ARA (April 2013).
  81. ↑ Gaudiosi, John (29 April 2013). Epic Games Powers US Air Force Training With Unreal Engine 3 Web Player From Virtual Heroes. Gamer Hub.
  82. ↑ Huang Jung-Hun (2 February 2014). Unreal Engine for the first time in Korea is a military training, Naval Special warfare agents are used in the training. Microsofttranslator.
  83. ↑ Callagham, John (17 May 2011). China's Army to release its own version of America's Army game. Neowin. Neowin LLC. Retrieved on 29 January 2015.
  84. ↑ NASA Playing With Unreal Engine For Virtual World. Slashdot.
  85. ↑ Tipps, Seth (28 March 2012). Unreal Engine licensed by US Govt. Develop. Intent Media. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  86. ↑ Horvath, Stu (17 May 2012). The Imagination Engine: Why Next-Gen Videogames Will Rock Your World. Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  87. ↑ Collins, Hilton (22 November 2013). Video Game Puts the ‘Edge’ in First Responder Training. Government Technology. e.Republic. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  88. ↑ Epic Games and Applied Research associates' virtual heroes division launch Unreal Government network. ARA (March 2012).
  89. ↑ J. Hafer, T. (5 December 2012). Developer IPKeys licenses Unreal Engine 3 for military training simulations. PC Gamer. Future plc. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  90. ↑ Develop magazine (14 February 2008). The Epic Diaries: February. Develop. Intent Media. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  91. ↑ Cowley, Dana (20 March 2012). Architectual Visualization. Epic Games. Retrieved on 29 January 2015.
  92. ↑ Cowley, Dana (16 October 2012). YEI Technology Debuts New Motion Capture and VR Techniques Using UDK. Epic Games. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.
  93. ↑ IGN Staff (17 March 2011). Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment Licenses Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3. NetherRealm Studios and Rocksteady Studios will utilize engine exclusively through 2014. IGN. Ziff Davis. Retrieved on 29 January 2015.
  94. ↑ Dunham, Jeremy (27 September 2005). Buena Vista Goes Next-Gen With Unreal. Turok and others headed towards the future. IGN. Ziff Davis. Retrieved on 29 January 2015.
  95. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/showcase/film_television/just_cause/
  96. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/en/showcase/film_television/house_of_moves/
  97. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/en/showcase/film_television/brave_new_world/
  98. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/en/showcase/film_television/mudbrick_creative_marketing_1/
  99. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/showcase/film_television/muvizu_1/
  100. ↑ Presswire (23 October 2009). DA Group Licenses Unreal Engine 3 for Movie-Making Application. Presswire.
  101. ↑ http://www.unrealengine.com/showcase/film_television/lazytown/

Further reading[]

External links[]

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